The next great change came toward the end of the 19th century as homesteaders moved into South Dakota. By one hundred and fifty years ago, the Great Sioux Nation consisting of seven bands including the Oglala Lakota, had displaced the other tribes from the northern prairie. If hunting was good, they might hang on into winter, before retracing their way to their villages along the Missouri River. From the top of the Badlands Wall, they could scan the area for enemies and wandering herds. Eroding out of the stream banks today are the rocks and charcoal of their campfires, as well as the arrowheads and tools they used to butcher bison, rabbits, and other game. L records combined with oral traditions indicate that these people camped in secluded valleys where fresh water and game were available year round. Their descendants live today in North Dakota as a part of the Three Affiliated Tribes. Long before the Lakota were the little-studied paleo-Indians, followed by the Arikara people.
The period's name originates from the appearance of "lithic flaked" stone tools.įor eleven thousand years, American Indians have used this area for their hunting grounds. The Lithic peoples or Paleo-Indians are the earliest known humans of the Americas.
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